Inductive charging, also known as wireless charging, uses electromagnetic fields to transfer energy between two coils: a transmitter (embedded in a charging pad) and a receiver (mounted on the AGV/AMR). When the coils are aligned, an alternating current in the transmitter generates a magnetic field, inducing a current in the receiver coil. This current is then converted to direct current (DC) to charge the vehicle’s battery. Unlike plug-in systems, inductive charging requires no physical contact, enabling seamless, automated energy replenishment. 

The technology has evolved significantly since its early applications in consumer electronics (e.g., smartphones). Today, high-power inductive systems can deliver energy efficiently (85–95% efficiency rates) at power levels exceeding 20 kW, making them viable for industrial equipment like AGVs.